Various small-scale tests with different out of plane constraints obtained from the literature were simulated using the XFEM in ABAQUS software. The objective of this paper is to develop and implement a variable fracture strain criterion in XFEM that is capable of predicting a wide range of fracture conditions in X65 pipeline steels with various crack tip constraints. However, the current available implementation of XFEM assumes a fixed fracture strain criterion independent of the constraints. It is generally accepted that the fracture strain is dependent on geometry/constraints in metals. A correlation between the damage parameters and material yield strength and fracture toughness is discussed and an investigation of mesh size sensitivity included. The damage parameters for vintage pipeline steel (API 5L Grade X52) were systematically calibrated and verified by comparing the numerical results with eight full-scale experiments of pressurized and circumferentially surface-cracked pipe specimens. This paper aims to investigate the capability of the XFEM-based cohesive segment approach implemented in Abaqus to predict crack propagation of pipelines by calibrating a linearly decreasing traction–separation law with two damage parameters, the maximum principal stress and the fracture energy. CZM in the context of the more effective extended finite-element method (XFEM) has recently been implemented in many applications, but it has not been widely used for crack propagation of pipelines. The cohesive zone model (CZM) is one of the most widely used damage models to describe the fracture processes of brittle andÄuctile materials, and has been usually combined with the conventional finite-element method (FEM).
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March 2023
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